NASA-STD-3001 (VOL. 1), NASA TECHNICAL STANDARD: NASA SPACE FLIGHT HUMAN SYSTEM STANDARD - VOLUME 1: CREW HEALTH (03-MAY-2007)ARD - VOLUME 1: CREW HEALTH (03 MAY 2007)

NASA-STD-3001 (VOL. 1), NASA TECHNICAL STANDARD: NASA SPACE FLIGHT HUMAN SYSTEM STANDARD - VOLUME 1: CREW HEALTH (03-MAY-2007)., NASA policy for establishing standards to protect the health and safety of crew, and for providing health and medical programs for crewmembers during all phases of space flight, is authorized by NPD 1000.3, The NASA Organization, and NPD 8900.5, NASA Health and Medical Policy for Human Space Exploration. NPD 8900.1, Medical Operations Responsibilities in Support of Human Space Flight Programs and NPD 8900.3, Astronaut Medical and Dental Observation Study and Care Program, authorize the specific provision of health and medical programs for crewmembers. NASA's policy is to establish standards for providing a healthy and safe environment for crewmembers, and to provide health and medical programs for crewmembers during all phases of space flight. Standards are established to optimize crew health and performance, thus contributing to overall mission success, and to prevent negative long-term health consequences due to space flight. In this document, the Office of the Chief Health and Medical Officer establishes NASA�s space flight Crew Health standards for the pre-flight, in-flight, and post-flight phases of human space flight. Human system standards are established to guide and focus the development of the crew health requirements as a means of protecting space-faring crews. The standards presented in this document, NASA Space Flight Human System Standards, Volume I: Crew Health, are intended to complement the overall set of human standards for space flight, which also includes NASA Space Flight Human Systems Standards, Volume II: Habitability and Environmental Health; NASA Medical Standard for Crewmembers; and current medical standards of clinical practice. Combined, these standards provide Agency technical requirements for an appropriate environment for human habitation, certification of human participants, the necessary level of medical care, and risk-mitigation strategies against the deleterious effects of space flight. The standards described in this document include levels of care, permissible exposure limits, fitnessfor- duty criteria, and permissible outcome limits as a means of defining successful operating criteria for the human system. These standards help ensure mission completion, limit morbidity, and reduce the risk of mortality during space flight missions. See Appendix A for an overview document map. All standards are based on the best available scientific and clinical evidence, as well as operational experience from Apollo, Skylab, Shuttle, Shuttle/MIR (United Soviet Socialists Republic (USSR) Space Station), and International Space Station (ISS) missions. Standards are periodically and regularly reviewed, especially as the concept of operations and mission parameters for a program become defined, and may be updated as new evidence emerges. A Crew Health Concept of Operations document is developed by the Space Medicine Division at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) for each space flight program and coordinated with the appropriate Program Manager for concurrence. See Appendix B for an example Crew Health Concept of Operations outline. Following the development of the Crew Health Concept of Operations, a Medical Operations Requirements Document (MORD) is developed by the JSC Space Medicine Division for each program. The MORD details the medical requirements for the program, and is consistent with the overall medical concept outlined in the Crew Health Concept document. See Appendix C for an example outline of a MORD. The Space Flight Human System Standard, Volume I: Crew Health considers human physiologic parameters as a system, much as one views the engineering and design of a mechanical device. Doing so allows the human system to be viewed as an integral part of the overall vehicle design process, as well as the mission reference design, treating the human system as one system along with the many other systems that work in concert to allow the nominal operation of a vehicle and successful completion of a mission. Volume 1, Crew Health covers the main physiologic parameters associated with the health and successful operation of the human system. It is not all encompassing, but does address those areas where the human system has shown particular vulnerability in response to adaptation or exposure to microgravity. The standards set forth in this volume serve as a guideline to develop requirements for maintaining the human system within normal operating parameters. To achieve this aim, the standards of the human system should be considered in vehicle design, mission architecture, countermeasures, and future directed research. Many of the standards are not in their mature forms and are not fully identified for all areas, perhaps because of a lack of knowledge as to the human system physiology for that length and scale of mission, or other reasons. In such cases, top-level functional standards for these are cited, and further work is/may be required to define the standard more accurately. A cascading effect is often seen with system failures in engineering, and so it is with the human system as well.